Difference between revisions of "SiPM Radiation Hardness Test"

Revision as of 17:31, 20 July 2010 (view source) Yqiang (Talk | contribs) m (→‎Updated Hall A simulation) ← Older edit		Revision as of 17:32, 20 July 2010 (view source) Yqiang (Talk | contribs) m (→‎AmBe neutron source) Newer edit →
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	[[Image:ambe_spectrum.png|500px]]		[[Image:ambe_spectrum.png|500px]]
	* Dose rate to fluence: 1 mrem/H &rarr; 9.3 n<sub>eq</sub>/s/cm<sup>2</sup>		* Dose rate to fluence: 1 mrem/H &rarr; 9.3 n<sub>eq</sub>/s/cm<sup>2</sup>
−	* Dose to permanently increase of dark current by factor of 10: '''94 rem'''	+	* Dose to permanently increase dark current by factor of 10: '''94 rem'''
	** 1 MeV equivalent neutron fluence: '''21000 n<sub>eq</sub>/cm<sup>2</sup>'''		** 1 MeV equivalent neutron fluence: '''21000 n<sub>eq</sub>/cm<sup>2</sup>'''

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Revision as of 17:32, 20 July 2010

SiPM Radiation Hardness Test in Hall A

Test Plan

The Draft Test Plan to Study Radiation Damage to SiPMs in Hall A

System Diagram and Floor Plan

Device List

• Control Computer: transversity.jlab.org: (129.57.164.28)
• GPIB over IP: GPIB-ENET/100: agpib.jlab.org (129.57.192.73)
• Serial Port Server: ESP904: portservha50.jlab.org (129.57.192.78)
• USB over IP: AnywhereUSB/5: ausb.jlab.org (129.57.192.75)
• Oscilliscope: TDS3034: dosci.jlab.org (129.57.192.77)
• Power Outlet: APC Outlet Control: hlauser:hlauser@hareboot12.jlab.org (129.57.192.76)
  • Outlet 1: Pulse Generator
  • Outlet 2: Temperature Box
  • Outlet 3: Oscilliscope
  • Outlet 4: GPIB over IP
  • Outlet 5: Power Supply for Hamamatsu Unit
  • Outlet 6: Power Supply for SensL Unit
  • Outlet 7: Picoamp Meter
  • Outlet 8: Serial Port Server
• USB to Serial HUB: ComHUB
  • Serial 1 (COM5): Power Supply for Hamamatsu Unit
  • Serial 2 (COM6): Power Supply for SensL Unit
  • Serial 3 (COM7): Oscilliscope
  • Serial 4 (COM8): Temperature Box
• Picoamp Meter x2: Keithley-485 (GPIB)
  • GPIB Address: 1 (Hamamatsu); 2 (SensL)
• Pulse Generator: HP-8116A (GPIB)
  • GPIB Address: 4
• Power Supply x2: B&K-1787B (RS232)
• Temperature Meter: CN77544 (RS232)

Power Connection and Settings

• Power Cable Color Code
  • Black: Ground
  • Yellow: -5.0 V
  • Red: +2.1 V
  • Blue: Hamamatsu Bias Voltage
  • Green: SensL Bias Voltage

• SiPM Bias Voltage Correction vs Temperature
  • Hamamatsu: 56 mV/C (70.27 at 20 C)
  • SensL: 23 mV/C (28.6 at 20 C)

EPICS Variables

Hall A Beam Line IOC: iocha5.jlab.org [129.57.188.5]

• hac_bcm_average: Hall A beam current (uA)

Hall A Cryo Target IOC: iocha13.jlab.org [129.57.188.29]

• haBDSPOS.VAL: Hall A cryo target position (encoder value)

MCC general IOC: 129.57.255.4

• rad44_p2: Neutron dose [mRem/hour]
• rad44_p2_dose: Accumulated Neutron dose [mRem]
• rad44_p1: Gamma dose [mRem/hour]
• rad44_p1_dose: Accumulated Gamma dose [mRem]

SiPM Test Log

3x3 mm2 SiPM Test in Hall A

Test Condition

• Time: 04/20/2010 12:30 PM
• Location: Hall A beam left
• Initial Dose
  • Neutron (rad44_p2) 18.4 mRem
  • Gamma (rad44_p1) 61900 mRem
• Radiation Chips
  • Neutron Rod: serial# 2A01 close to SiPM
  • TLD: serial# 9597, close to SiPM and rad44_p2
  • TLD: serial# 9598, close to rad44_p1 at entrance

Pre-Rad Measurement

• Voltage vs Current scan done
  • Hamamatsu: 20100420_132141_VICurve.txt
  • Hamamatsu: 20100420_132531_VICurve.txt
  • SensL: 20100420_132531_VICurve.txt
  • SensL: 20100420_132531_VICurve.txt

Beam ON Test

• Oscilloscope Snapshot #1: 20100420_135400_CHx.txt
• Oscilloscope Snapshot #2: 20100421_014000_CHx.txt
• Oscilloscope Snapshot #3: 20100421_091100_CHx.isf
• Oscilloscope Snapshot #4: 20100421_182200_CHx.isf
• Oscilloscope Snapshot #5: 20100422_015300_CHx.isf
• Oscilloscope Snapshot #6: 20100422_102700_CHx.isf
• Dataset #1: 20100420_140630.txt
  • Stopped due to GIPB problem
  • No production
• Dataset #2: 20100420_182713.txt
  • Long run with production started
  • 22:40:30 - 01:46:10 oscilloscope not updating
  • Stopped due to GPIB problem
• Dataset #3: 20100421_091253.txt
  • Stopped due to EPICS problem
• Dataset #4: 20100421_105132.txt
  • HV OFF at 10:59:00 to test radiation damage with bias voltage OFF
  • Stopped to turn bias voltage back ON at 18:21:00
• Dataset #5: 20100421_182344.txt
  • New dataset with bias voltage ON
  • Stopped due to GPIB problem
• Dataset #6: 20100422_015736.txt
  • Stopped due to GPIB problem
• Dataset #7: 20100422_091215.txt
  • Beam OFF
  • oscilloscope not updating

Post-Rad Measurement

• Voltage vs Current scan done
  • Hamamatsu: 20100422_105000_VICurve.txt
  • Hamamatsu: 20100422_105334_VICurve.txt
  • SensL: 20100422_105732_VICurve.txt
  • SensL: 20100422_110249_VICurve.txt

Plots

• Change of draw Current and signal shape at working condition as a function of radiation

• Comparison of VI response before and after radiation

• Signals recorded by oscilloscope show the effect of radiation on amplification: red (initial) -> violet (final)

• If we take the dose to fluence coefficient of 1 MeV Neutron: 400 pSv.cm2 = 4x10-8 rem.cm2 (1 mrem/H -> 6.9 n_eq/s/cm²), we have the following plot

Aneeling of Radiation Damage

Facts and Conclusions

• Hall A radiation level is extremely high during P-REX experiment: 50uA on 0.5mm Pb target (9% radiation length).
• A lot of energy dumped to the 2 pieces of collimator behind Pb Target: estimated 1 kiloWatt total power dissipated on them.
• The neutron dose rate before the collimator installed was 1.55 rem/H with 45 uA beam on Pb target. After the collimator was installed, the dose rate during the SiPM test was 1.35 rem/H with 50 uA beam. Therefore the tungsten collimator did not significantly change the radiation level.
• Radiation causes draw current to increase no matter whether bias voltage is applied.
  • Hamamatsu: starting from 8 uA, 5 uA/Rem
  • SensL: starting from 155 uA, 40 uA/Rem
• The dark current from both SiPM samples recovered by about 50% with time constant of 10 days
• Taking the bias voltage adjustment into account, the dark current has an exponential relation to the ambient temperature:
  • I(dark) ~ exp(a*(T-T0))
  • a for Hamamatsu: 0.061±0.003/C
  • a for SensL: 0.047±0.002/C
• Radiation slowly affects the amplification of SiPM but has no effect on the signal width, even though, the drops of the gain get fully recovered afterward.
• Report to GlueX meeting (2010/05/10): link to docDB
• Dark rate measurement shows a increase of noise level consistent with the increase of dark current:Carl's report
  • I(dark) ~ Sigma(pedestal)^2

1x1 mm2 SiPM Test in Hall A

Test Condition

• Same location as previous 3x3 SiPM test: 135 degrees, 20 meters
• Not powered
• Temperature: ~ 21.3 degree C
• SiPM information:
  • Type Number: S10362-11-050C
  • Serial Number: 1260
  • Vop: 71.54 V
  • M: 7.50e+5
  • Dark Rate (0.5 p.e.): 536 kcps
  • Dark Rate (1.5 p.e.): 44 kcps
  • X-talk: 8.2%
  • PDE (lambda = 490 nm): 36.5%
  • At 25 degree C

Initial Neutron Dose 2010/06/11 11:20 AM

• rad44_p2_dose: 0 Rem

Final Neutron Dose 2010/06/15 10:00 AM

• 34.3 Rem
• 

Test with RadCon AmBe Source

Test Condition

• The AmBe source has an narrow neutron energy spectrum averaged at 4 MeV [1] page82
• The AmBe source in RadCon has the following dose rate:

 dose rate = [13/D2]*[1+(0.248*D)2.2375*e-0.3536*D] mrem/H

where D is the distance from the source in the unit of meter

• One 1×1 mm² and one 3×3 mm² SiPMs together with their pre-amplifiers were irradiated by this source
• The distance is 17 cm and dose rate is 0.45 rem/H
• Test started at 14:40 July 12, 2010
• Test stopped at 14:25 July 15, 2010
• Total dose: 32±2 rem

Results

• Increase of dark current:
  • 1×1 mm²: 6.4
  • 3×3 mm²: 7.1
  • average: 6.8
  • average after annealing: 3.4

Damage Conversion and Fluence Simulation of Hall A

Interpret neutron flux into rem and fluence

• Equivalent neutron radiation damage to silicon detector normalized to 1 MeV neutron [2], as recommended for LHC silicon detector study.

• Neutron dose equivalent conversion coefficients were taken from ICRP 74, plot see [3], may off by a factor of 2.

Updated Hall A simulation

• Neutron Energy spectrum [4]

• Dose rate to fluence: 1 mrem/H → 6.7 n_eq/s/cm²
• Dose rate: 3.1 rem/H (1.3 rem/H measured)
  • Ideal dose rate with 0.5 mm Pb target and 50 μA is 7.6 rem/H
  • Actual target thickness was reduced to 40% due to the beam damage
  • 1 MeV equivalent neutron fluence: 21000 n_eq/s/cm²

AmBe neutron source

• Neutron Energy spectrum

• Dose rate to fluence: 1 mrem/H → 9.3 n_eq/s/cm²
• Dose to permanently increase dark current by factor of 10: 94 rem
  • 1 MeV equivalent neutron fluence: 21000 n_eq/cm²

Fluence simulation of Hall D

Pavel recently updated his simulation for the neutron flux through SiPMs with normal Hall D production condition.

Simulation Condition and Results

• Detector location: Z = 462 cm
• Rate of photon beam before collimator: 11 GHz
• Dose rates and energy spectra with Hydrogen target
• Dose rates and energy spectra with Helium target
• Flux in SiPM area with Hydrogen target
• Flux in SiPM area with Helium target

Results

Hydrogen Target

• The energy spectrum of neutron from Hydrogen target:

• Dose rate to fluence: 1 mrem/H → 7.1 n_eq/s/cm²
• At 65-90 cm
  • Dose rate: 4.3-3.3 mrem/H
  • Total neutron flux: 90-76 Hz/cm² (54-43 forward, 37-33 backward)
  • Neutron flux > 10 MeV: 4.3-2.6 Hz/cm² (3.1-1.7 forward, 1.2-1.0 backward)
  • 1 MeV equivalent neutron fluence: 31-23 n_eq/s/cm²

Helium Target

• The energy spectrum of neutron from Helium target:

• Dose rate to fluence: 1 mrem/H → 7.2 n_eq/s/cm²
• At 65-90 cm
  • Dose rate: 6.5-4.9 mrem/H
  • Total neutron flux: 140-108 Hz/cm² (94-67 forward, 46-41 backward)
  • Neutron flux > 10 MeV: 7.0-4.0 Hz/cm² (5.6-3.0 forward, 1.3-1.1 backward)
  • 1 MeV equivalent neutron fluence: 47-35 n_eq/s/cm²

Compared to Hall A Result

• To reach 10 times (50% recovery included) higher dark current of SiPM in Hall A: 30 hours of 50 μA beam → 93 rem → 3×10⁹n_eq
• At 65-90 cm (inner-outer radius of BCal), to reach same radiation level:
  • Hydrogen target: 3.1-4.1 years of full-time running
  • Helium target: 2.0-2.7 years of full-time running